Split System Refrigerants: R-32, R-410A and R-22 Explained
Most new split systems sold in Australia use the refrigerant R-32. Older systems use R-410A or, in much older units, R-22. Each refrigerant has a different chemical make up, performance and behaviour, which matters when your system is serviced or replaced.
The three common split system refrigerants
- R-32 (difluoromethane)
- R-410A (a mix of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane)
- R-22 (chlorodifluoromethane)
What refrigerants do
Refrigerants are an integral part of the vapour compression refrigeration cycle, because they allow heat to be moved from one space to another. Contrary to popular belief, no air is transferred inside or outside in this process. The refrigerant changes state from a vapour to a liquid and back to a vapour again inside the split system, which lets it absorb and reject heat.
For more detail, read how does a split system air conditioner work?
Why there are three generations
Ongoing research and development has produced refrigerants with higher efficiency and less environmental impact over time:
- R-22 was used in earlier generations of split systems. It is an ozone depleting substance, and new R-22 air conditioning equipment has not been allowed to be imported or manufactured in Australia since 2010. Imports of R-22 refrigerant will be banned entirely from 1 January 2030, after which existing R-22 systems will rely on reclaimed refrigerant for servicing. Existing R-22 systems do not have to be removed.
- R-410A replaced R-22 and was the standard refrigerant in split systems for many years. Since 1 July 2024, Australia has banned the import and manufacture of small air conditioning equipment, including outdoor units for single head non ducted split systems, designed to use a refrigerant with a global warming potential (GWP) over 750, and the ban was extended to multi head split systems from 1 July 2025. R-410A has a GWP well above that limit, so these rules effectively end its use in new small split systems. Existing equipment is not affected.
- R-32 is the current refrigerant in most new split systems. It has a GWP of 675.
With each generation, refrigerants have become more efficient and better for the environment, and reverse cycle split systems are a more efficient, safer and cleaner way to heat a home than burning LPG or natural gas.
Why this matters when you replace a system
Because each refrigerant is a different generation, its composition, performance, behaviour and system requirements are all different. This is an important consideration if you are replacing an old split system with a newer, more efficient one, especially if you hope to reuse the existing pipes. Read our guide to replacing a split system for the details, or see our air conditioner replacement service.
Handling refrigerant in Australia requires a licence from the Australian Refrigeration Council (ARC). Read more in our guide to air conditioning licences in Victoria.
Other refrigerants
R-32, R-410A and R-22 are used in split systems because of their low toxicity and low flammability. As the Wikipedia page on refrigerants shows, ammonia, sulfur dioxide, propane and isobutane are alternative refrigerants used to move heat in other vapour compression applications.
Sources
- DCCEEW: R22 quick facts
- DCCEEW: restrictions on the import and manufacture of small air conditioning equipment
Frequently asked questions
What refrigerant does my split system use?
Check the rating plate on the outdoor unit, which shows the refrigerant type and charge. Most new split systems use R-32, while older systems may use R-410A or R-22.
Can I still get my R-22 air conditioner serviced?
Yes. Existing R-22 systems can stay in use, but R-22 imports are limited and will be banned entirely from 1 January 2030, after which servicing will rely on reclaimed refrigerant.
Why did split systems move to R-32?
R-32 has a lower global warming potential (675) than R-410A, and since 1 July 2024 Australia has banned the import and manufacture of small split system equipment designed for refrigerants with a GWP over 750.
Does a split system use outside air?
No. The refrigerant moves heat between the indoor and outdoor units in sealed pipes. No air is transferred between inside and outside.
Related guides
Keep reading with these related EZYAIR guides:
- How Does a Split System Air Conditioner Work?
- Replacing a Split System: What to Check First
- What Is a Reverse Cycle Air Conditioner?
- VEU Accredited Provider and Air Conditioning Licences in Victoria
Talk to EZYAIR
Ezy Air Conditioning & Heating Pty Ltd (EZYAIR) has been helping Melbourne homes and businesses with heating and cooling since 2007. If you have a question about refrigerants and your system or would like a quote, contact our team or call 1300 399 247, Monday to Friday, 9am to 5pm.
Our head office and display centre is at 49 Huntingdale Rd, Burwood VIC 3125.
